Immigration
How many people should be allowed to move here?
Immigration policy is about who may enter a country, how many, and on what terms. Supporters of openness point to labor needs, new ideas, family ties and the freedom of people to seek a better life. Supporters of limits point to pressure on housing, wages and public services, to social cohesion, and to the right of a political community to decide who joins it. Most people sit between the two and argue over numbers, skills and speed rather than a total yes or no.
On the 12 Axes, all four statements move the culture axis. Welcoming newcomers and wider freedom to live and work abroad pull toward Multicultural. Cutting numbers and giving citizens priority for jobs and services pull toward National identity. The issue cuts across the usual left and right split. Business owners on the right often want more workers, while some on the left worry about wages and the strain on public services. Free movement fans and nationalists can also end up disagreeing with their own side.
What each side argues
Open to newcomers
- Supporters say immigrants fill job gaps, start businesses and bring new skills and ideas.
- Supporters argue that people should be free to move for work or safety, just as goods and money do.
- Supporters believe diverse societies are more dynamic and open.
Limit arrivals
- Opponents say a country has the right to control who enters and how fast it changes.
- Opponents argue that high numbers can strain housing, schools and health care, and put pressure on wages.
- Opponents believe shared culture and trust are easier to keep when integration keeps pace with arrivals.
4 statements on immigration
- Immigration from different cultures makes a society stronger.Agreeing moves you toward Multicultural
- The government should reduce the number of immigrants allowed into the country.Agreeing moves you toward National identity
- Citizens should have priority over non-citizens for jobs and public services.Agreeing moves you toward National identity
- People should have more freedom to live and work in other countries.Agreeing moves you toward Multicultural
What politicians have said and done
Angus TaylorTaylor's migration plan sets net overseas migration at 100,000 annually for the first two years, 130,000 in the third and 160,000 in the fourth, and afterwards ties the level to completed home-building.Source: thenightly.com.au
Angus TaylorHe would halve the humanitarian intake, from 20,000 to 10,000 places, limit new international student enrolments to 240,000, and abolish temporary graduate visas.Source: thenightly.com.au
Angus TaylorHis plan requires permanent visa holders to learn English. It also brings back Temporary Protection Visas and would see 70,000 visa overstayers deported.Source: rsm.global
Pauline HansonShe proposes three years of negative net overseas migration followed by a cap of 130,000 a year, and she wants migration from nine countries paused, Afghanistan, Iran and Syria included.Source: onenation.org.au
Mark CarneyHis lower immigration levels set 2026 targets of 380,000 permanent and 385,000 new temporary admissions, and he wants temporary residents to make up under 5 percent of the population by the end of 2027.Source: canada.ca
Pierre PoilievreHe proposed in September 2025 that the Temporary Foreign Worker Program be abolished and a separate agricultural labour stream put in its place.Source: globalnews.ca
Alice WeidelThe 2025 programme named remigration as a goal, and she backed it. The AfD defines it as deporting those who must leave and sending refugees back once the reasons for their protection end.Source: stuttgarter-zeitung.de
Alice WeidelHer March 2026 vote went against rejecting an AfD motion demanding eight years of residence before a person can be naturalised.Source: abgeordnetenwatch.de
Felix BanaszakOctober 2025 saw him vote against abolishing the route to fast-track naturalisation after three years of residence.Source: abgeordnetenwatch.de
Pedro SánchezHis government launched a 2026 scheme granting undocumented migrants residence and work permits for one year; applications passed a million.Source: thelocal.es
Emmanuel MacronThe Constitutional Council, to which he referred the 2024 immigration law, struck out over a third of its articles, among them limits on benefits and on family reunification.Source: aljazeera.com
John SwinneyRather than one approach across the whole UK, he wants immigration policy tailored to what Scotland needs.Source: snp.org
Kemi BadenochA Removals Force that deports 150,000 people annually is among her proposals, alongside barring asylum claims from people who enter illegally.Source: conservatives.com
Nigel FarageAmong his proposals are a mass deportation bill for people who arrive illegally, withdrawal from the European Convention on Human Rights and repeal of the Human Rights Act.Source: instituteforgovernment.org.uk
Nigel FarageHis 2025 pledge was to abolish indefinite leave to remain, which is the principal way migrants obtain permanent settlement, and to substitute renewable work visas.Source: theweek.com
Nigel FarageA Reform government, he said in June 2026, would bar foreign nationals from social housing.Source: irishtimes.com
Viktor OrbánHe promoted procreation instead of immigration as the answer to population decline.Source: theguardian.com- Narendra ModiThe 2019 Citizenship Amendment Act extends citizenship to religious minorities from Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan who are not Muslim.Source: bbc.co.uk
Sanae TakaichiHer government has approved tougher rules on permanent residency and naturalization, and she has proposed stricter rules for foreign property owners and a cap on foreign residents.Source: aljazeera.com
Alexandria Ocasio-CortezNo other House Democrat joined her in voting against the January 2019 bill to reopen the government, which she opposed because it paid for Immigration and Customs Enforcement.Source: nbcnews.com
Donald TrumpOn the day he returned to office he signed an executive order aimed at denying birthright citizenship to some children whose parents are not citizens. In June 2026 the Supreme Court blocked it, 6-3.Source: semafor.com
Hakeem JeffriesHe says House Democrats will refuse to fund mass deportations, and he backs judicial warrants and body cameras for ICE agents, who should also stop covering their faces.Source: democraticleader.house.gov
JD VanceAt the Munich Security Conference that February he said Europe's biggest threat was internal, pointing to restrictions on speech, levels of immigration and the exclusion of some parties.Source: foreignpolicy.com
Ron DeSantisState funds were used in 2022 to fly around 50 migrants, most of them Venezuelan, from Texas up to Martha's Vineyard.Source: tampabay.com
Ron DeSantisJuly 2025 saw him open a state-run immigration detention site in the Everglades, meant to support federal deportations. He announced its closure in June 2026, saying it had fulfilled that role.Source: wflx.com
At each end of Culture
People whose overall profile leans furthest each way on the axis this issue moves most. A lean on the axis is not a stance on this exact issue.
More culture issues
Immigration: questions
Is immigration a left or right wing issue?
It splits both camps. The left often favors openness and rights, but some on the left worry about wages and public services. The right often favors limits, but business interests may want more workers. Your place on the culture axis is a better guide to your view than a party label.
What is the difference between legal and illegal immigration?
Legal immigration follows a country's rules, such as visas, work permits or family routes. Illegal immigration means entering or staying without permission. Most debates cover both. People differ on how easy legal routes should be and on what to do about those already living in a country without status.
Does immigration help or hurt the economy?
Economists and voters disagree, and the answer depends on who arrives, what skills they have, and how well they are integrated. Supporters stress labor supply and growth. Critics stress pressure on services and low wage workers. Most agree the details of policy matter more than a simple yes or no.





