Who is Narendra Modi?
Narendra Modi was born in Vadnagar, Gujarat, in 1950 and worked as an organiser for the Hindu nationalist RSS before moving to the BJP. He was Chief Minister of Gujarat from October 2001 to 2014. He led the BJP to a parliamentary majority in 2014 and again in 2019. In the 2024 election the BJP fell short of a majority on its own, and Modi was sworn in for a third term at the head of the National Democratic Alliance coalition. On 7 October 2026 he marked 25 years as head of a government, counting from his first swearing-in as Gujarat Chief Minister.
Previously: Member of the Lok Sabha for Varanasi (since 2014) · Chief Minister of Gujarat (2001-2014) · General Secretary of the BJP (1998-2001)
Documented positions
- In 2016 his government withdrew the two highest-value banknotes from circulation, saying it would fight untaxed black money.Source: theguardian.com
- In 2019 his government ended Jammu and Kashmir's special constitutional status and split the state into two union territories.Source: indianexpress.com
- The 2019 Citizenship Amendment Act offers citizenship to non-Muslim religious minorities from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan.Source: bbc.co.uk
- A 2019 constitutional amendment created a 10 percent quota in jobs and education for economically weaker sections.Source: thehindu.com
- His government launched a national health insurance programme for low-income families in 2018.Source: thehindu.com
- In May 2025 India struck targets in Pakistan under Operation Sindoor after an attack on tourists in Pahalgam, before agreeing a ceasefire.Source: aljazeera.com
- India took delivery of the Russian S-400 air defence system despite the risk of United States sanctions.Source: indianexpress.com
Record
Supporters credit Modi with infrastructure building, welfare schemes delivered through digital payments, a higher international profile and three consecutive election victories. Critics cite the economic cost of demonetisation, protests against the citizenship law, the use of anti-terror legislation against journalists and activists, and the treatment of the Muslim minority. India's Supreme Court in 2022 dismissed a petition challenging the clearance given to him by a special investigation team over the 2002 Gujarat riots.
In the 2024 election the BJP lost its single-party majority but kept power with coalition partners. In July 2026 weeks of youth-led protests over leaked medical entrance exam papers ended after Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan resigned and the government accepted the protesters' main demands.