Ideologies
124 ideologies, mapped on 12 axes.
Each ideology has a score on all 12 axes, from -100 to +100. These are the profiles your answers are matched against. The small bars show each one's shape: up toward the second pole, down toward the first.
Liberal
- Classical LiberalismClassical liberalism backs individual rights, the rule of law, free markets and a government kept small by clear limits on its power.
- CosmopolitanismCosmopolitanism is the view that all people are members of one moral community, so duties and rights should not stop at national borders.
- GeorgismGeorgism says land and natural resources belong to everyone, so the rent they earn should fund the public, while people keep what they make by their own work.
- KeynesianismKeynesianism holds that governments should steer total demand, spending more in slumps and less in booms, to keep people in work and the economy stable.
- Left-LibertarianismLeft-libertarianism joins strong personal freedom and self-ownership with the claim that land and natural resources belong to everyone in an equal way.
- Liberal InternationalismLiberal internationalism argues that open trade, international law, democracy and shared institutions make states less likely to fight and better able to solve common problems.
- LiberalismLiberalism is a political tradition built on individual freedom, equal rights, the rule of law and government that rests on the consent of the people.
- LibertarianismLibertarianism holds that individual freedom is the highest political value, and that the state should be limited to protecting people and property from force and fraud.
- MinarchismMinarchism supports a minimal state that only protects people from force and fraud through police, courts and defense, and leaves everything else to voluntary choice.
- MonetarismMonetarism is an economic school that blames inflation mainly on too much money and favors steady, rule-based growth in the money supply over fine-tuning.
- MulticulturalismMulticulturalism is the view that a society should welcome and support its different cultural, ethnic and religious communities, not ask them all to blend into one national culture.
- NeoliberalismNeoliberalism is a label for policies that favor competition, open trade, privatization, deregulation and tight public budgets in a global economy.
- ObjectivismObjectivism is the philosophy of Ayn Rand, which champions reason, rational self-interest and laissez-faire capitalism, and rejects mysticism and self-sacrifice as moral ideals.
- OrdoliberalismOrdoliberalism is a German liberal school that wants free competitive markets, kept honest by strong legal rules and a state that stops monopolies and cartels.
- ProgressivismProgressivism is the belief that society can and should be improved through reform, using active government, science and wider rights to fight inequality and injustice.
- Social LiberalismSocial liberalism defends personal freedom and equal rights, and holds that a fair society also needs regulated markets and public help so that everyone has a real chance.
- UtilitarianismUtilitarianism judges actions and laws by their results, holding that the best choice is whichever brings the most well-being to everyone it touches.
- WhiggismWhiggism is the tradition of the British and American Whigs, who stood for Parliament over the crown, constitutional limits, commerce, religious toleration and step-by-step reform.
Conservative
- AbsolutismAbsolutism is the idea that one ruler, usually a king, should hold all final power in the state, with no parliament, court or vote able to overrule him.
- ConservatismConservatism defends established customs, institutions and social order, and prefers gradual, tested change to sweeping reforms built on theory.
- Constitutional MonarchismConstitutional monarchism backs a hereditary king or queen as head of state under a constitution, with elected politicians doing the real governing.
- Fiscal ConservatismFiscal conservatism wants government to spend modestly, tax lightly and avoid heavy debt, on the view that careful public money helps growth and freedom.
- FusionismFusionism is an American conservative idea that joins free markets and limited government with belief in religion, moral order and the value of free choice.
- GaullismGaullism is the French political tradition that follows Charles de Gaulle, built on national independence, a strong presidency and a belief that France must act with grandeur in world affairs.
- Liberal ConservatismLiberal conservatism joins respect for free markets, the rule of law and personal liberty with a love of old institutions and a preference for change that is slow and careful.
- National ConservatismNational conservatism puts the nation first, stressing sovereignty, shared culture and tradition, and is willing to use the state to protect borders, families and industry.
- NeoconservatismNeoconservatism is an American movement of former liberals that backs a strong military, the spread of democracy abroad and tough-minded, results-based social policy at home.
- One-Nation ConservatismOne-nation conservatism is a moderate British tradition holding that the rich have duties to the poor, and that gradual reform keeps society united and stable.
- PaleoconservatismPaleoconservatism is an American right-wing school that prizes tradition, local roots and national independence, and opposes foreign wars, free-trade deals and high immigration.
- Social ConservatismSocial conservatism defends traditional views on family, marriage, religion and public morals, and holds that laws and institutions should help keep them strong.
- ThatcherismThatcherism is the free-market, anti-union and nationalist approach of Margaret Thatcher's British governments from 1979 to 1990, built on privatisation, tight money and a strong state.
- TraditionalismTraditionalism holds that society should rest on inherited religion, custom and institutions such as the church, family and monarchy, and doubts the ideas of the modern age.
Communist
- CommunismCommunism seeks a classless, stateless society with common ownership of productive property, and in the twentieth century it became the name of ruling parties and one-party states.
- Council CommunismCouncil communism is a Marxist current that wants workers to rule through elected, recallable workplace councils, with no party dictatorship and no parliamentary road.
- DengismDengism is the approach of Deng Xiaoping that kept Communist Party rule but opened China to markets, private enterprise and foreign trade in pursuit of growth.
- JucheJuche is North Korea's official state ideology of self-reliance, which in practice makes one ruling family the object of political loyalty.
- LeninismLeninism is Vladimir Lenin's version of Marxism: a disciplined party of professional revolutionaries seizes power for the working class and rules through a one-party state.
- MaoismMaoism is the form of communism built by Mao Zedong in China, resting on peasant revolution, mass campaigns and permanent class struggle, and tied to famine and mass persecution.
- MarxismMarxism is the body of ideas from Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that explains society through class conflict and aims at a classless world in which workers share ownership.
- StalinismStalinism is the system of rule built by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union: one-party dictatorship, a state-run economy, forced collectivization, mass terror and a cult of the leader.
- TitoismTitoism was Yugoslavia's own road to communism under Josip Broz Tito: independent of Moscow, built on workers' self-management, open to markets, and non-aligned in the Cold War.
- TrotskyismTrotskyism is a Marxist current built on Leon Trotsky's ideas of permanent revolution, world socialism and opposition to the Soviet bureaucracy under Stalin.
Anarchist
- AgorismAgorism is a stateless, free-market philosophy whose followers try to build a free society by trading outside the state's reach, not by voting.
- AnarchismAnarchism holds that society can run without a ruling state, through free agreement, local self-government and mutual aid among equals.
- Anarcho-CapitalismAnarcho-capitalism wants no state at all, with private firms, contracts and property rights handling everything from courts to security.
- Anarcho-CommunismAnarcho-communism aims for a society with no state, no money and no private ownership of land or industry, where free communes share what they produce according to need.
- Anarcho-SyndicalismAnarcho-syndicalism wants workers to build militant unions that win through strikes, then take over the workplaces and run them without bosses or a state.
- Christian AnarchismChristian anarchism teaches that the way of Jesus, above all nonviolence and love for enemies, cannot be squared with the state, so believers should not obey or serve it.
- Individualist AnarchismIndividualist anarchism puts the free individual first, rejects the state as an illegitimate monopoly, and favors voluntary exchange and personal possession.
- Libertarian SocialismLibertarian socialism wants shared ownership of the economy run from the bottom up by self-managed workplaces and communities, with no central state or boss class.
- MutualismMutualism is a 19th-century socialist and anarchist school that wants fair exchange between independent producers, run through cooperatives, mutual credit and voluntary federations.
Green
- Deep EcologyDeep ecology holds that all living things have value in themselves, apart from their use to humans, and calls for deep changes in how societies treat nature.
- DegrowthDegrowth argues that rich countries should deliberately shrink their use of energy and materials, and share the work and wealth more fairly, instead of chasing endless economic growth.
- Eco-SocialismEco-socialism argues that capitalism and ecological damage are linked, and that social ownership and democratic planning are needed to protect people and the planet.
- EnvironmentalismEnvironmentalism is a broad movement to protect nature, public health and the climate by changing laws, industry and everyday habits.
- Green PoliticsGreen politics puts the health of the natural world first, and usually pairs it with fairness, local democracy, peace and cooperation between nations.
Centrist
- CentrismCentrism is a political position between left and right that favours moderation, compromise and practical solutions, rather than a fixed set of principles.
- Radical CentrismRadical centrism wants big reforms that mix ideas from the left and right, rather than small deals struck halfway between them.
- Third WayThe Third Way is a center-left approach from the 1990s that tried to combine market economics with active social investment, a path between old-style socialism and pure free-market politics.
Nationalist
- Ba'athismBa'athism is an Arab nationalist doctrine of unity, freedom and socialism, led by one party, and it shaped the one-party states of Syria and Iraq.
- Black NationalismBlack nationalism is a set of movements that see Black people as a distinct people and seek self-rule, community control and pride, sometimes with a separate homeland.
- Civic NationalismCivic nationalism says a nation is a community of citizens united by shared laws and values, open to anyone who joins in, whatever their ancestry.
- EthnonationalismEthnonationalism defines the nation by shared ancestry, language and heritage, and holds that each such people should have its own state or lead the one it lives in.
- EurasianismEurasianism is a Russian school of thought holding that Russia is a distinct civilization, neither European nor Asian, and that it needs a strong state and its own path.
- FascismFascism is a far-right, ultranationalist ideology born in interwar Europe that rejected democracy, liberalism and socialism and demanded one party, one leader and national unity by force.
- HindutvaHindutva is the ideology of Hindu nationalism, which says India's identity is rooted in Hindu civilization, a claim supporters call cultural pride and critics call majoritarian.
- KemalismKemalism is the founding creed of modern Turkey, built on nationalism, secularism, a republic and state-led reform from the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk.
- Liberal NationalismLiberal nationalism argues that a shared national culture and self-government can go hand in hand with individual rights, democracy and a fair society.
- MercantilismMercantilism is the older belief that a nation grows strong by selling more than it buys, guarding its own industry and holding colonies under state control.
- National SyndicalismNational syndicalism was an authoritarian movement of the early twentieth century that wanted a nation united under one party, with industry organized into state-run syndicates.
- NationalismNationalism is the belief that each nation has a right to govern itself and that loyalty to one's nation should rank high among our other loyalties.
- NazismNazism was the racist, antisemitic and expansionist ideology of Hitler's party, which ran a murderous dictatorship in Germany from 1933 to 1945 and carried out the Holocaust.
- Pan-AfricanismPan-Africanism is the idea that Africans and people of African descent share a history and a future and should stand together politically, economically and culturally.
- Pan-ArabismPan-Arabism holds that Arabic-speaking peoples form one nation that should cooperate or unite politically, free of foreign control.
- ZionismZionism is the Jewish national movement that worked for a Jewish homeland in the Land of Israel, achieved in 1948 with Israel's founding, and is still a source of debate.
Populist
- BonapartismBonapartism is the French tradition of strong centralized personal rule that draws its authority from popular votes, linked to Napoleon I and Napoleon III.
- Jacksonian DemocracyJacksonian democracy was the American movement of the 1820s to 1840s behind Andrew Jackson, favoring the common white man, a limited federal role, distrust of banks and westward growth.
- Left PopulismLeft populism pits ordinary working people against a wealthy, entrenched elite, and calls for public ownership, higher wages, stronger welfare and a more direct form of democracy.
- PeronismPeronism is the Argentine movement founded by Juan Perón, which mixes workers' rights, state-led development and national independence under a strong, personal leadership.
- PopulismPopulism sets a good, ordinary people against a corrupt elite, and says politics should carry out the people's will.
- Right PopulismRight populism pits ordinary citizens against political and cultural elites, and joins that appeal to nationalism, tighter borders and traditional values.
Religious
- Christian DemocracyChristian democracy brings Christian social teaching into democratic politics, backing family, community, a regulated market economy and close cooperation among nations.
- Christian NationalismChristian nationalism holds that a country's identity and laws should rest on its Christian roots, in forms ranging from honoring heritage to wanting a formally Christian state.
- Christian SocialismChristian socialism draws on the Gospel to argue for a fairer, more cooperative economy that puts care for the poor ahead of profit.
- DistributismDistributism argues that a fair society spreads ownership of land and tools across many households, rather than leaving it with a few big companies or the state.
- IntegralismIntegralism is a Catholic political theory that says the state should serve the common good, including salvation, and defer to the Church on spiritual matters.
- IslamismIslamism is a range of political movements that seek to base law, government and public life on Islam, from parties that contest elections to militant groups that use violence.
- Liberation TheologyLiberation theology is a Christian movement, strongest in Latin America, that reads faith as a call to side with the poor and change unjust social structures.
- TheocracyTheocracy is rule in the name of a god or a religion, where religious leaders or religious law hold the highest authority in the state.
- UltramontanismUltramontanism is the Catholic movement that places supreme authority in the pope, in church teaching and discipline, and resists control of the Church by national governments.
Other
- AbolitionismAbolitionism was the campaign, strongest between the 1780s and the 1880s, to end the slave trade and then slavery itself, on the ground that no person can be owned.
- AccelerationismAccelerationism argues that the engines of modern change, capitalism and technology, should be driven faster instead of resisted, though its camps disagree on where that leads.
- AgrarianismAgrarianism is the view that family farms and rural communities give a country its independence, character and democratic strength.
- Anti-communismAnti-communism is the broad opposition to communist ideas, parties and states, drawing in democrats, conservatives, believers and also some dictatorships.
- Anti-ImperialismAnti-imperialism opposes one country or people ruling another, by colonial rule, force or economic pressure, and argues that every people has a right to govern itself.
- AuthoritarianismAuthoritarianism is rule by a leader or small group that answers to no one, and the belief that order and obedience matter more than political freedom.
- CommunitarianismCommunitarianism says people are shaped by families, neighborhoods and shared traditions, so a good society must balance individual rights with duties to the community.
- ConfucianismPolitical Confucianism teaches that good government comes from learned, moral rulers, family duty and ritual harmony, and from caring for the ordinary people.
- CorporatismCorporatism arranges economic life through recognised groups such as employers' bodies and unions, which bargain with the state, either freely or under its control.
- DevelopmentalismDevelopmentalism says poorer countries should use state planning, tariffs, public investment and directed credit to build industry fast, rather than wait for free markets to do it.
- FederalismFederalism is the idea that power should be split by a constitution between a national government and regional ones, each with its own protected sphere.
- FeminismFeminism is a set of movements and ideas aiming for equal rights and opportunities for women and men in law, work, family life and politics.
- ImperialismImperialism is the drive by one state to extend its rule over other peoples and lands, through conquest, settlement or economic and political control.
- IsolationismIsolationism is a foreign policy that keeps a country out of alliances and distant conflicts, and tries to limit its political and military ties with other states.
- JacobinismJacobinism is the radical republican creed of the French Revolution's Jacobin Club: popular sovereignty, an indivisible republic, civic virtue and, in crisis, harsh emergency rule.
- LocalismLocalism holds that decisions, jobs and community life work best when they stay as close to ordinary people as possible, in towns, neighborhoods and regions.
- PacifismPacifism is the principled rejection of war and violence as a way to settle disputes, backed by diplomacy, nonviolent resistance and disarmament.
- Pan-AmericanismPan-Americanism is the idea that the nations of the Western Hemisphere share interests and should cooperate on peace, trade, law and defense.
- Political RealismPolitical realism says states act mainly to protect their power and security, so leaders should judge foreign policy by interests and results, not by moral ideals.
- RepublicanismRepublicanism is a tradition of thought in which liberty means freedom from domination, and which relies on the rule of law, shared power and active citizens.
- SecularismSecularism is the principle that the state should be separate from religion, favoring no faith and basing law on grounds open to all citizens.
- TechnocracyTechnocracy is the view that experts using data and scientific method, not party politics or public mood, should steer government decisions.
- TotalitarianismTotalitarianism is a system in which one party and leader claim total control over state, society and private life, using an official ideology, propaganda and terror.
- TranshumanismTranshumanism is a movement that backs using science to extend life and enhance human minds and bodies, and asks society to prepare for those changes.
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Socialist